Difference equations, serving as the discrete analogue to differential equations, have long been a linchpin in the study of dynamic systems. These equations define sequences recursively, and their ...

In many biological and physical systems, feedback mechanisms depend on a set of thresholds associated with the state variables. Each feedback has a characteristic time scale. We suggest that ...

For this system, the initial values for the concentrations are derived from equilibrium considerations (as a function of parameters) or are provided as known values. The experiment used to collect the ...