In the middle of the 16th century, a 22-year-old law student in France named Etienne de la Boétie wrote an essay entitled "Discourse of Voluntary Servitude" that was circulated among academics for ...

The Ecologist was an early adopter of systems theory after its launch in 1971. The way of thinking has come to influence a range of disciplines, from ecology to change management. In the first in a ...

The system approach principle places individual system elements in their environments and observes the relationships between them. Instead of studying a specific phenomenon first – an automobile ...

All bodies in a given gravitational field are thought to fall with the same acceleration. This idea, known as the equivalence principle, is central to our understanding of gravitational physics. It ...

Open system theory is a biological theory that has been adapted to business organizational structure theories. It may seem odd that biology has anything to do with business, but the theory recognizes ...

Businesspeople don’t know for sure what other managers are planning to invest, or what consumers will be willing to buy, or how their products will compete. “We can’t control systems or figure them ...