At times we wish to examine statistical evidence, and determine whether it supports or contradicts a claim that has been made (or that we might wish to make) concerning the entire population. This is ...

Null hypothesis vs. hypothesis, which is the right choice? When you get into the different methods of analyzing data, there is no shortage of tools at your disposal. Understanding the difference ...

Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is most often used by researchers to test predictions, called hypotheses. The first step in ...

Research and statistical analysis help us understand how the world works, how effective medications and treatments are, what influences our health, the best approach for business practices, and much ...

If the claim is really false but the researcher decides, based on the evidence, it’s true – a false positive – they commit what’s called a Type 1 error. If the claim is really true but the researcher ...

Post-hoc testing is carried out after a statistical analysis where you have performed multiple significance tests, ‘post-hoc’ coming from the Latin “after this”. Post-hoc analysis represents a way to ...

Psychology is in a bit of trouble these days. It has made headlines for questionable interpretations of statistics and for well-known studies that can’t be replicated. Other quantitative social and ...